- emphysema involves trapped air (either in alveoli or lymphatic vessels)
- alveolar emphysema has a bubble wrap appearance (bullae). It involves destruction of alveolar septa. It is uncommon in animals, but is common in humans due to chronic smoking or elastase induction.
- interstitial emphysema involves distended lymphatics between lobules. It is common in cattle with pneumonia; can occur due to gasping while dying. : (
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